Everything about Dukes Of Pomerania totally explained
Regional rulers in various parts of
Pomerania were generally known as
Herzog (
German) or
książę (
Polish), which in their case can generally be translated as
duke.
Pomerania is a geographical region in northern
Poland and
Germany, on the south coast of the
Baltic Sea. In a wider sense, it extends to the
Vistula River in the east and the
Recknitz River in the west. However, the name Pomerania often refers only to the historical duchy (later province) of Pomerania, which until 1630 was ruled by members of the
House of Pomerania (
Griffins, Greifen), thus excluding the eastern regions of
Pomerelia, which until 1296 were ruled by members of the
House of Sobieslaw (
Subislaw, Samboriden).
main article: History of Pomerania
During the early Middle Ages,
Pomeranians were presumably ruled by indigenous rulers, probably divided into several petty principalities. In the second half of the 10th century, parts of Pomerania seem to have been, at least for a short period, part of the budding state of Poland, or under its overlordship, but the
Bishopric of Kołobrzeg established in 1000 was destroyed ca. 1005.
Casimir I the Restorer was victorious in the battle against the Masovians and Pomeranians in 1047, Pomeranians had to pay tribute. It seems that the Polish king
Boleslaus II (1058-1080) lost control of Pomerania once again.
The first written record of any local Pomeranian ruler is the 1046 mention of
Zemuzil (in Polish literature also called
Siemomysł) at an imperial meeting. The chronicle of the Polish dukes written in 1113 by the so-called
Gallus Anonymus mentions several dukes of Pomerania: Swantibor,
Gniewomir, and an unnamed duke besieged in
Kołobrzeg.
In three military campaigns of 1116, 1119, and 1121, most of Pomerania was conquered by the Polish monarch
Boleslaus III, and divided into four parts.
Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) with
Gdańsk was put under direct Polish control and the duke had nominated his governors.
Middle Pomerania with
Słupsk and
Sławno was made a Polish
fief under the Pomeranian duke
Ratibor I. Western Pomerania with
Kamień Pomorski,
Kołobrzeg and
Białogard was made a Polish fief ruled by duke
Wartislaw I.
Szczecin and
Wolin were semi-independent city-republics, being directly subject to the overlordship of the kings of Poland, and not to any local Pomeranian ruler.
Duchy of Pomerania
Wartislaw I was the first definite known member of the
House of Pomerania, which ruled the duchy, with its extended territories, until 1637 when the ducal dynasty went extinct in the male line. They became vassals of
Saxony (1164), and the
Holy Roman Empire (1181). The duchy was temporarily partitioned into the petty principalities of
Stettin,
Wolgast,
Barth,
Rügenwalde,
Demmin,
Stolp, and
Stargard.
In the 12th to 14th centuries, the Duchy of Pomerania was gradually
Germanized and settled with Germans during the
Ostsiedlung, becoming known as
Hither Pomerania (
Vorpommern) and
Further Pomerania (
Hinterpommern). After the death of Duke
Bogislaw XIV, the duchy was partitioned between
Sweden and
Brandenburg-Prussia. The rulers of Brandenburg-Prussia, later
Kings of Prussia and
Emperors of Germany still used the title "Duke of Pomerania" until 1918.
From 1155, the duchy was co-ruled by the dukes of Stettin and Demmin.
1155-1187 Bogislaw I (Stettin) and his brother Kasimir I (Demmin, †1180)
1187-1220 Bogislaw II (Stettin) and his brother Kasimir II (Demmin, †1219)
1220-1278 Barnim I the Good (Stettin) and Wartislaw III (Demmin, ↑1264)
After Wartislaw III died heirless in 1264, Barnim I became sole duke of the whole duchy. After Barnim's death, the duchy was to be ruled by his sons Barnim II, Otto I and Bogislaw IV. The first years, Bogislaw, being the eldest, ruled in place of his too young brothers, too. In 1295, after Barnim's death, the duchy was partitioned in a northern duchy (Wolgast, ruled by Bogislaw), and a southern duchy (Stettin, ruled by Otto).
After 200 years of partition, the duchy was reunited for a short period when all her parts were inherited by Bogislaw X.
1478-1523 Bogislaw X
1523-1531 George I and Barnim XI the Pious
Partitioned in Stettin, Barth, Wolgast and Rügenwalde
1625-1637 Bogislaw XIV
from 1637 western part of Pomerania inc. Stettin to Sweden
1637-1657 counties of Lauenburg/Lebork and Bütow/Bytow to Poland, next to Brandenburg
from 1648 eastern part of Pomerania to Brandenburg
Duchy of Demmin
to 1160 part of Duchy of Pomerania
1160-1180 Casimir I
1180-1184 Wartislaw II
1184-1219/20 Casimir II
1219/20-1264 Wartislaw III
after the 1236 loss of most of Circipania (to Mecklenburg) and the Stargard area (the latter Mecklenburg-Strelitz, to Brandenburg) and Wartislaw III's death, Pomerania-Demmin was 1264 inherited and incorporated into the Duchy of Stettin
Duchy of Stettin (Szczecin)
-1220 part of the Duchy of Pomerania
1220-1278 Barnim the Good
1278-1295 Barnim II, Otto I, Bogislaw IV
1295-1344 Otto I
1344-1368 Barnim III
1368-1372 Casimir III
1372-1404 Swantibor I, Bogislaw VII
1404-1413 Swantibor I
1413-1428 Otto II, Casimir V
1428-1435 Casimir V
1435-1451 Joachim I
1451-1464 Otto III
1464-1474 Erik II
1474-1523 Bogislaw X
1523-1531 George I, Barnim IX
1531-1569 Barnim XI
1569-1600 Johann Friedrich
1600-1603 Barnim X
1603-1606 Bogislaw XIII
1606-1618 Phillip II (External Link
)
1618-1620 Frank I
1620-1625 Bogislaw XIV
from 1625 part of united Duchy of Pomerania
Duchy of Wolgast
to 1295 part of Duchy of Pomerania, which then was divided roughly by the Peene and Ihna rivers, with the areas north of these rivers ruled by Bogislaw IV became Pomerania-Wolgast, whereas Otto I received Pomerania-Stettin south of these rivers.
1295-1309 Bogislaw IV
1309-1326 Wartislaw IV
1326-1365 Bogislaw V, Wartislaw V and Barnim VI
1365-1368 Bogislaw V and Wartislaw V
1368-1376 Bogislaw VI and Wartislaw IV (?)
1376-1393 Bogislaw VI
1393-1394 Wartislaw VI
1394-1405 Barnim VI
1405-1451 Barnim VII and Wartislaw IX
1451-1457 Wartislaw IX
1457-1474 Erich II
1474-1478 Wartislaw X
1478-1523 Bogislaw X (all Pomerania)
1523-1531 Barnim IX and George I, Duke of Pomerania
The 1531/32 division of Pomerania created another Pomerania-Wolgast, which comprised a territory very different from the one of the earlier part duchy. Now, Pomerania-Wolgast roughly matched the area that later became known as Vorpommern, but excluding Stettin (Szczecin) which became the capital of Pomerania-Stettin now comprising Farther Pomerania.
1532-1560 Philip I
1567-1569 Bogislaw XIII, Ernest Louis, John and Barnim X
1569-1592 Ernest Louis
1592-1625 Phillip II Julius
from 1625 part of united Duchy of Pomerania
Duchy of Barth
to 1376 part of Duchy of Wolgast
1376-1415 Wartislaw VI
1394-1415 Wartislaw VII
1415-1451 Barnim VIII
1457-1478 Wartislaw IX
1478-1531 part of Duchy of Pomerania
1531-1569 part of Duchy of Wolgast
1569-1603 Bogislaw XIII
from 1603 part of Duchy of Stettin
Duchy of Rügenwalde (Darłowo)
to 1569 part of Duchy of Stettin
1569-1603 Barnim X
1603-1606 Bogislaw XIII
1606-1617 George III and Bogislaw XIV
1617-1620 Bogislaw XIV
from 1620 part of Duchy of Stettin
Duchy of Stolp (Słupsk)
to ca 1190 part of the duchy of Pomerania
1190-1316 Duchy of Schlawe (part of Pomerelia)
1316-1368 part of Duchy of Wolgast
1368-1373 Bogislaw V
1374-1377 Casimir IV
1377-1395 Wartislaw VII
1395-1402 Bogislaw VIII i Barnim V
1402-1403 Barnim V
1403-1418 Bogislaw VIII
1418-1446 Bogislaw IX
1449-1459 Casimir I
from 1459 part of Duchy of Wolgast
Duchy of Stargard
to 1377 part of Duchy of Stolp
1377-1402 Bogislaw VIII (Stolp) and Barnim V (Traburg)
1402-1418 Bogislaw VIII
1418-1446 Bogislaw IX
from 1459 to Duchy of Wolgast
Duchy of Sławno/Schlawe
Descendants of Ratibor I ruled the Middle Pomeranian duchy until 1238. The area was an object of competition between the Dukes of Pomerania, Pomerelia, Rügen and Brandenburg. Upon the extinction of Ratibor's dynasty, most of the territory was inherited by the dukes of Pomerania, who thus gained yet more recognition for their being dukes of all Pomerania. For four centuries, they used the title Duke of Pomerania, and the territories they ruled became established as Pomerania to outsiders, Pomerelia being perceived as a separate duchy with its own name.
?-1156 Ratibor I (from 1147/8 also duke of Pomerania)
to ca 1190 part of Duchy of Pomerania
1190-1223 Bogislaw III
1223-1238 Ratibor II
1238-1316 part of Pomerelia
from 1316 as Duchy of Stolp part of Duchy of Wolgast
The island of Rügen and the adjactend mainland was conquered by Denmark in 1168, as was the Duchy of Pomerania in the 1180s, and the local ruler founded a dynasty of lords (princes, dukes, often without recognized higher title just lords) of Rügen, vassals of Danish kings. In 1325 the Principality of Rügen fell to the Duchy of Pomerania after two wars for Rügen inheritance with Mecklenburg.
1168-1325 feudal fief of Denmark under local rulers:
1162-1170 Tezlaw
1170-1217 Jaromar I
1218-1249 Wizlaw I
1249-1260 Jaromar II
1260-1302 Wizlaw II
1303-1325 Wizlaw III
From 1325 Duchy of Wolgast-Rügen or Rügen-Barth:
1325-1326 Wartislaw IV
1326-1368 Bogislaw V, Wartislaw V, Barnim IV
1368-1372 Wartislaw VI, Bogislaw VI
1372-1394 Wartislaw VI
1394-1415 Wartislaw VIII
1415-1432/6 Swantibor II
1432/6-1451 Barnim VIII
1451-1457 Wartislaw IX
1457-1478 Wartislaw X
from 1474 part of Duchy of Wolgast
from 1478 part of Duchy of Pomerania
Polish governors in Pomerelia gradually gained more and more power and evolved into semi-independent dukes, who ruled the duchy until 1294. At various times they were vassals of Poland and Denmark. The duchy was temporarily partitioned into the principalities of Gdańsk, Białogard, Świecie, and Lubieszewo-Tczew.
While the Duchy of Pomerania had been incorporated in the Holy Roman Empire, Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia or Gdańsk Pomerania) was controlled by the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Poland. Predominantly inhabited by Kashubians, Poles, and a German minority, the territory was annexed from Poland by the Kingdom of Prussia during the Partitions of Poland.
After 997 the first time mention is made of the area in the 'Vita St. Adalbert'
ca. 850–960 local tribal dukes
ca. 960 — Wisław, duke of Gdańsk, assumed marriage to a Piast duchess
ca. 979 supposed subjugated by Mieszko I of Poland, no records
ca. 995 or 997 conquest by Boleslaw I of Poland, under emperor Henry II and before Boleslaw's death Pomerania freed itself of Poland again
ca. 1046 Siemosyl, First actual record of Pomerania- duke at imperial diet
ca. 1060–1106 Swietobor I of Pomerania (Świętobór I), duke of Gdańsk Pomerania
1109,1113-1121 Swantopolk I of Pomerania (Świętopełk I)
1121-1155 part of Poland
1155-1178 Subisław I
1178-1207 Sambor I
1207–1217 Mestwin I of Pomerania (Mściwój I), duke of Gdańsk Pomerania
1220-1271 divided into duchies of:
Gdańsk (Danzig)
Białogarda (Belgard)
Lubieszewo (Lübschau)
Świecie (Schwetz) (see below)
1271–1294 Mestwin II (Mściwój II) of Pomerania, duke of Gdańsk Pomerania
1294-1296 Part of Poland (Great Poland)
1296-1299 Part of Kujavia
1299-1308 Part of Poland
1308-1466 Part of the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights
1454-1466 13-years war between Poland and Teutonic Order
1466-1772 Part of Royal Prussia within the Polish Kingdom as Pomeranian voivodship (województwo pomorskie)
1772-1919 West Prussia (Westpreussen, part of Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire)
1808 August 10 - 1820 August 14 François Joseph Lefebvre was created Duc de Danzig by Napoleon Bonaparte after taking The fortress of Danzig (1807 May 25)
Duchy of Białogarda (Belgard a.d.Leba)
1207 Subislaw II
1215/1229-1257 Ratibor
from 1257 part of Duchy of Pomerelia
Duchy of Gdańsk (Danzig)
to 1215 part of Duchy of Pomerelia
1215-1266 Swantipolk II of Pomerania (Świętopełk II Wielki)
1266-1271 Wartislaw II
from 1271 part of the Duchy of Pomerelia
Duchy of Lubiszewo (Lübschau)
1178-1200/1207 Grzymislaw II
1215/1228-1266/1278 Sambor II
from 1266/1278 part of the Duchy of Pomerelia
Duchy of Świecie (Schwetz)
to 1178 part of Pomerelia
1178-1200/1207 Grzymislaw II
1215/1223-1229/1230 Wartislaw I of Schwetz
1229-1255/1266 Swantopolk II (Świętopełk II Wielki)
1255/12661271 Mestwin II
from 1271 part of united Duchy of PomereliaFurther Information
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